====== Add parameters to kernel boot ======
===== To temporarily add a boot parameter to a kernel: =====
  - Start your system and wait for the GRUB menu to show (if you don't see a GRUB menu, press and hold the left <key>Shift</key> key right after starting the system).
  - Now highlight the kernel you want to use, and press the <key>e</key> key. You should be able to see and edit the commands associated with the highlighted kernel.
  - Go down to the line starting with **linux** and add your parameter **foo=bar** to its end.
  - Now press <key>Ctrl</key> + <key>x</key> to boot.


===== To make this change permanent: =====
  - Run **sudo vim /etc/default/grub** from terminal
  - Find the line starting with **GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT** and append **foo=bar** to its end. For example: **GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash foo=bar"**. Save the file and close the editor.
  - Finally, start a terminal and run: **sudo update-grub** to update GRUB's configuration file (you probably need to enter your password).

On the next reboot, the kernel should be started with the boot parameter. To permanently remove it, simply remove the parameter from **GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT** and run **sudo update-grub** again.

To verify your changes, you can see exactly what parameters your kernel booted with by executing **cat /proc/cmdline.**